Tag: anatomy

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Pancreas – Hermit of the Abdomen

Pancreas – Hermit of the Abdomen

Ashley Davidoff MD

O’ Dear pancreas

You have been called the hermit of the abdomen
By whom I do not know
But in your dark and hidden way, you have
spoken without a word
from the gurgling depths of the abdomen
Yes – you have earned this lonely title
and a coin should be tossed
to the person who coined the phrase


 

But it took a long time to understand who this hermit was – and what he was doing in the darkness of the abdomen

From the day of antiquity
You have been looked upon by many
Herophilus, the father of anatomy had the first incisive insights into you
As he was one of very few who had the guts to explore the guts in open fashion

Aristotle at the same time seemed to have known something about you
But then you lay unharmed and unexplored for almost 500 years
Until Rufus mistook you for a piece of meat –
You must have laughed at the “pan kreas” thing
How wrong he was – you evasive little trickster

And then the Talmud – always seeming to be right
Thought you were the finger of the liver –
Little did they know how independant you were

While Vesalius was up to your “hide and seek” game
The magical eyes of da Vinci missed you completely
Even though he saw the serpiginous splenic artery snake right above you

Your ducts seemed to have intrigued the next generation, Wharton, Wirsung, and de Graaf
As you sustained the pain of the quill penetrating your inner gut
(I forget you were already dead but it must of hurt just watching!)

A little later it was that man called Vater and the little Italian Santorini found your minor duct and your nipple
And so by this time we had a good understanding of you in your nakedness
But of course, as said – you were dead

And so young Bernard explored your factories, and got a sense of your canine workings,
But you were able to hold on to your sweet secret for just a little longer
Until the Langerhans found the family jewels in the famous 2% of your population-
The islets – those beautiful eyelits – governess of all things sweet in the body

Eberle Bernard Danilevsky, and Kuhne joined up across the world to expose your antacid and enigmatic enzymatic brew
And once again your wonderful workings for a better world were exposed –
And we knew then, that you were the quiet and effective type –
A hermit who did good
But did not want the limelight

To see you as you lived and breathed in the flesh
was the mission of Wilhelm the X-Ray man
who crusaded the path to visualise 40,000 Angstroms under the skin

 

abdomen, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, kidneys, CT scan, Art in Anatomy, Ashley Davidoff MD

 

And then there was a slew of heroes who learned to slew your sickened parts – including the famous Whipple who was able to Whipple you in an inimitable way

And then a bone guy – for God’s sakes – a bone guy! – called Banting and his student Best
Exposed the insular chemistry of you insulin that had given you the power over the sweet
Never mind – in the end it was for the good of all –
And a new era was borne

And so we try to understand your form as our scans explore you as you live and breathe
And we stare in awe at your odd shape – why oh why did you choose that shape?
What are you supposed to look like? – we have no clue
And we are happy – so happy for you that you are well nourished by a double blood supply
And we wonder why you have no skin – we thought all the organs had a skin
Except for your tail – almost a foreskin

And you are off axis on two planes – what is that all about? – kinda crooked

And your twin origins and the intimacy with the duodenum, of the ventral twin
And the strange fusion of the Wirsung guy excluding the little Italian Santorini
It seems to me that your matrimonial fusion with Wirsung and the bile duct has led to more problems than the merger was worth
It does not seem in the long run, to have been a marriage made in heaven
What was that all about? Is there a grand plan to come?

 

And so we try to understand your diseases
And in some way we understand that the guy glugging down the bottle
Could be punished by your reaction
But why Oh why are you so nasty to those whose misfortune it is to have stones roll down and get no satisfaction.. down the green vile bile route
Have you not learned to live with the green secretion by now
And did you not know that by reacting the way you do, that you are cutting off your nose to spite you head?

While type 2 seems remote from you
We don’t know about this Type 1 business
Why are you made to suffer so much at the hands of your own body on your own body?
We feel sorry for you – to have your own buddies reject you – must be awful
And then to see so many young ones suffer because you don’t work
And we once again see and understand what power you control from that deep dark hermit home of yours

And the cancer thing … so silently it creeps on you causing your collagen to counter
And only making things worse as it strangles nerve, blood vessel, and your spouse duct – the green one, – without regard

And then I think of you in your prime and in your happiness
When you are with you two buddies – the splenic vein and the renal vein
And you all look so much alike, and happy swimming in that deep ocean where you hide
And I wish this was forever

 

 

Copyright 2017 Revised from previous publication in The Common Vein

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The Common Vein: Anatomy of Structure – Units and Connections

Structure – The First Step

Structure is a material unit or object, composed of smaller parts that are connected and organized so that it can stand alone but also  be part of a larger and more complex whole

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The Units That Make the Whole – The Brick and the Brick Principle

The brick is the unit that is the basis of the brick building.

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The Brick – An Individual Unit That Needs to Connect In Order to Function and Be Valuable

The brick by itself has no function and no value to the world.  In order to have value it needs to connect with other bricks.  When the brick, a structural unit,  connects with other bricks and they organize, a wall is built. The wall as a structural unit, connects with other walls and they organize to form a room, and eventually a building is built.  Although the brick is nothing by itself – a weak brick can bring the whole wall and the whole building down.

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The Power of the Brick

It is Nothing by Itself  

However the Whole is Only as Strong as the Weakest Brick

The Units That Make the Body – The Cell and the Brick Principle

I am like a brick. Amrish Puri

The cell is the unit that is the basis of biology.

cell, cells, liver, process, physiology, function, receive, process, produce, export, principles, nucleus, cytoplasm, cytology, anatomy, art, the common vein, art in anatomy, Ashley Davidoff MD

The cell by itself has no function nor value, unless it is a unicellular organism.  In order to have value it needs to connect with other cells.  When the cell, a structural unit,  connects with other cells and they organize, a tissue is built. The tissue as a structural unit, connects with other tissues and they organize to form an organ, and eventually a body is built.  Although the cell is nothing by itself – a weak cell can bring the tissue and the whole body down.

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When the 37.2 trillion cells in the human body connect and organize, they create a spark of life housed in the body and gifted with a mind.

The difference between the brick building and the person is really the life that biology brings.  It is truly a miracle and the secret of how this happens still eludes human endeavour.  This secret may never be unlocked.

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Subtract The Bricks From the Cells.  What is the Result?

What is very clear, is that as human biologic units build, the  result is larger and more powerful than the individual parts.  At a critical number a spark of life emerges within the body, and a mind emerges from both of them.  When and how that happens remains a mystery.

Our first project is not to delve into the yet unanswerable “hows” of life, but rather into the “hows” of structure.  Structure is complex, but the pattern of units connecting and organizing is universal and permeates structure from the  subcellular level to the whole body and even beyond into our communities.

Some Quotes About the Brick Principle

 “A great building will never stand if you neglect the small bricks.”

Ifeanyi Enoch Onuoha

“Love is like a brick. You can build a house, or you can sink a dead body.” Lady Gaga

“Brick and blood built Astapor, and brick and blood her people.”
George R R Martin – A Storm of Swords

14. “Genius too does nothing but learn first how to lay bricks then how to build, and continually seek for material and continually form itself around it.Every activity of man is amazingly complicated, not only that of the genius: but none is a ‘miracle.”
Friedrich Nietzsche

“I fear that in this thing many rich people deceive themselves. They go on accumulating the means but never using them; making bricks, but never building.”
George Eliot

“Faith. Trust. They don’t come naturally, but as we lay those first bricks, we notice that little by little, a foundation is forming. Eventually we can end up building the most beautiful things with faith and trust.”
José N. Harris

“Bricks without straw are more easily made than imagination without memories.”
Author: Lord Dunsany

“It takes a thousand bricks to build a wall, but only one to tear it down.”
Markus W. Lunner

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Pain, Pain -Go Away!

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You came with no warning and no invitation

You came with a single message of doom and gloom

I had no control

It was fate

It was no joke

I had to take you seriously

You seem to be endless and to be going nowhere

With the unintended intention to taunt and haunt me

You are the source of my suffering.

Since the dawn of man

You have accompanied us with a not so gentle reminder

That everything is not OK

Some say you are protective

But it is sometimes hard to understand

All I know is that I suffer

Nociceptors sense the feeling

They come in different forms

Transmitting pain from pressure, prick, or improper heat,

– or a severe lack of it

Quickly the sensation travels

On the A, delta, or C train-

 Impulses that run their course

From source to spinal cord

With sizzling hot news of my experience

Where they snap to a halt as they clap as a synapse

And get a second order of direction

At the gate of decision

Which waves them on to a new thoughtless action

On their way to master control.

And through and via the wire of the RAS

Which awakens an awareness of you;

And then to the thalamic relay

Where they get their new orders:

To whom they should turn

And what direction to take.

In the higher levels of limbic autonomic and homunculus centers

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The sense becomes real

And the feeling becomes severe

And after all the science

I know not what to do

But to increase my heart rate a little,

Contract a muscle and a gland or two

And perhaps let out a scream at the height –

And impugn your intrusive impudence that imposes on me.

pain, nociceptor, poem, prayer, sensory system, thalamus, A fiber, delta fiber, C fiber, Ashley Davidoff MD. The Common Vein, Art in Anatomy

 And then sometimes

We use the eyes and guise

Of X-ray Eyes

Or try a tincture of opiate

To extirpate the excruciate –

And then sometimes to no avail

Yet I could care less about your wonderful pathways of biology and science

I know that I hurt -but also in a different way

It is not only the pain that I feel

But the pain of fate as well

That was handed to me as a card in a bad deal of nature

And I have no choice but to deal with it …..

But it hurts!

person, old lady, emotional pain, aging, poverty, loneliness

 

 

See the BLOG about the Art and Science of Pain

The Common Vein Copyright 2017

Ashley Davidoff MD

Revised since publication as a Blog August 2016

 

 

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Pain – Art and Science

Pain

Pain is an unpleasant  sensation originating from our physical and or emotional environments.

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Faces of Pain

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Extreme Physical Pain

 

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Extreme Emotional Pain

Physical Pain

Pain is a symptom and as such reflects a derangement of either the external or internal environment.

All sensations start by stimulating a receptor of  a nerve that conducts the impulse to the spinal cord where low level control and discrimination occurs, and transfers  the stimulus to the brain, where higher centers process the stimulus and react to it.  The structures in the brain include the thalamus, somatosensory cortex, limbic system, and autonomic systems and they are involved in  perception, localization and integration.  They send out a stimulus with instructions of how to react which is executed by muscle contraction or tissue secretion.

Functionally, pain is protective. The physiology and pathophysiology relate to changing the mechanical stimulus into an electrical impulse, and then through a series of complex synapses the stimulus is transmitted with the intent of  protecting the person from further damage.

The causes of pain are innumerable and exist within the full spectrum of human diseases. Pain may result from pain receptors sensitive to pain, (pricking, cutting, tearing) extreme temperatures, pressure, or aberrant chemical environments. A myriad of processes then occur in response to tissue injury causing either irritation of a somatic nerve or distension and pressure on a visceral sensory nerve. Inflammation is one of the most common of these injurious processes that is classically and universally expressed with  pain – a concept first described by the second century philosopher Celsus.

The result of a pain impulse is usually withdrawal from the insulting stimulus, resting of the injured part, or seeking the help of a medical practitioner if the pain is unbearable and arises from an internal disorder.

Diagnosis of pain disorders should proceed with careful history taking and clinical examination, followed by appropriate laboratory tests, and imaging if necessary.

Pain is a very common symptom and most instances are treated with an analgesic or antiinflammatory agent.   For more serious pains, treatment is directed at the cause of the pain.

Classification

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The table explores the variety of ways of classifying pain.  The left hand column reveals the classification based on functionality, origin, mode of stimulation, pathological causes and relationship of pain to chronicity.  As for functionality it may be adaptive or nonadaptive.  The pain may originate from somatic or visceral nociceptors, may originate from damaged nerves in which case it is called neuropathic, or it may be psychogenic.  The causes are usually via the inflammatory process but may result from any of the disease listed.

Structural Basis of Pain

A pain impulse is initiated by sensory receptors called nociceptors which are located in almost all the tissues. A noxious stimulus say from a hand touching a hot stove is then transmitted by sensory nerves to the spinal cord where a direct spinal reflex causes immediate withdrawal from the source. Additionally the stimulus is modified in the spinal cord by a variety of influences from other sources and is then transmitted via the midbrain and reticular activating system to the cortex. Finally, the stimulus reaches the brain’s somatosensory area where it is perceived and localized with additional extension to other areas of the cortex for the provision of a variety of protective reactions to the stimulus.

We will now expand the detail of the structural pathway described above.

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Pain from the Joints

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Pain from Sinuses 

The Sensory Pain Receptors – Nociceptors

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Nociceptor

A pain impulse is initiated by sensory receptors called nociceptors which are located in almost all the tissues. They are tree like branching structures.

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Types of Receptors Subtending the A delta Fibers and C Fibers

The diagram shows sensory stimuli including sharp pressure, extreme heat and cold as well as chemical, stimulating the free nerve endings of the nociceptors  that are linked to the myelinated A delta fiber , and non myelinated C fiber.  The myelinated fiber will conduct the impulse between 3 and 15 times faster than the non myelinated fiber.

 These specialized receptors vary in structure and number throughout the tissue and viscera of the body. There are external nociceptors that are situated in the skin and cornea with higher concentrations in the coverings of the body including the skin, pleura, pericardium, peritoneum and periosteum. Internal nociceptors are found in muscles, joints, around blood vessels, and within the mucosa of some organs including the urinary bladder, genitourinary tract, and the gastrointestinal tract. There are nociceptors in varying concentrations in almost every organ in the body, but interestingly there are none in the brain substance itself .

First Order of Transmitting Sensory Fibers 

The first order of nerve fibers transport the stimulus from the nociceptor to the dorsal root ganglion

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The sensory receptors of the nociceptors are found in the tissues peripherally and are connected  by a long fiber that transmits the impulse to the ganglion cell that lies in the dorsal ganglion in the neural canal alongside the spinal cord. This diagram shows the three types of receptors and fibers that transmit impulses related directly and indirectly to pain . The upper fiber is called the C fiber and it is non myelinated, consists of the receptors in the top left hand corner that when stimulated transmit the impulse via a long afferent neuron to the cell body lying alongside the spinal column. This fiber is relatively thin, measuring between .4 to 1.2 micrometers, and conducts the impulse at about 2m/s. The second neuron is the A delta fiber and it responds to the pricking or sharp sensation that is first felt and reacted to. It is weakly myelinated and is about 2-6 micro meters thick, and conducts the stimulus with a velocity of between 15-30 meters per second. The last fiber is the A beta fiber and it is responsible for the pressure component which indirectly affects response to pain by affecting the gate mechanism of pain. It is greater than 10 microns thick due to heavier myelination and conducts impulses at 30-100 meters per second

The Dorsal Root Ganglia

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The Dorsal Root Ganglion of the Afferent Neurons

The dorsal root ganglion  is a focal accumulation of the first order nerve cells of the sensory component of the peripheral nerve. (orange)  It is situated  in the neural foramen of the vertebral body.  The central process emanates from the ganglion cell  and ends in the dorsal horn.

2nd  Order of Neurons

The second order sensory fibers are those fibers in the spinal cord.  They first cross to the contralateral side of the spinal cord and then connect to the thalamus via the spinothalamic tract. 

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Second Order Neurons  – Cross Over in the Spinal Cord and 3rd order are Found in the  Spinothalamic Tract 

The spinothalamic tract is the major sensory ascending pathway of 2nd order neurons and serves as the major pathway for pain, temperature, itch and crude touch. Within its construct, the spinothalamic tract has three merging bands of specialized fibers that conduct pain impulses. The anterior spinothalamic tract carries pain signals initiated by touch while the lateral spinothalamic tract carries slow and fast fibers for pain and temperature sensations. The anterolateral spinothalamic pathway, located in the anterolateral white column pathway in the anterior half of the lateral funiculus conducts a variety of somatic pain signals.

3rd  Order of Neurons – Connect the Thalamus with the Sensory Cortex

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The Three Orders of Neurons

Second Order Neurons From the Spinal Cord to the Brain and Perception of the Pain  The Three Orders of Neurons

 The stimulus is first converted into an electrical impulse which is taken by a first order sensory nerve (orange)  to the spinal cord (dorsal root ).  The second order neurons (blue) first transport the stimulus to the contralateral spinothalamic tract  which in turn transports the impulse  to the thalamus,.  The third order neurons (pink)  transport the impulse to the somatosensory cortex.

Role of the Thalamus

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Thalamus – Relay Station to the Cortex in the Pain Pathway
The thalamus (T) is the gateway to the cerebral cortex. It is a paired organ and represents the main part of the diencephalon and subserves both motor and sensory function. It is structurally and functionally situated between the cortex and the midbrain. The thalamus has specific nuclei with diffuse projections to and from multiple regions of cerebral cortex.  The thalamus functions as a translator for the cerebral cortex. It processes sensory and motor information and mediates the autonomic nervous system regulating sleep and arousal. The thalamus also contains reciprocal connections to the cortex that are involved in consciousness. It may also play a role in vestibular function.  The thalamus translates pain signals of the 2nd order neurons and gives rise to the third order neurons that extend to the cortex. Awareness and localization of the pain is then achieved at the level of the cortex. The thalamus however is not merely a relay station for nociception but also plays a role in processing the stimulus.  Axons terminating in the lateral thalamus mediate discriminative aspects of pain (somatosensory cortex) including the originating body part. The fibers ending in the medial thalamus mediate the motivational and affective aspects relating for example to the emotional and memory of pain. These third order neurons travel to the prefrontal cortex, insular and cingulate gyrus which contribute to the emotion and memorization of pain experiences. 

The Homunculus Man and Localization of the Pain 

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HOMUNCULUS MAN and Localization of Sensation in the Somatosensory Cortex of the Parietal Lobe

The homunculus man (literally the “little man”) is the distorted figure drawn to reflect the concept of size of organ paralleling the size of the sensory innervation. The diagram reflects the relative functional sensory space each body part occupies in the somatosensory cortex. Those structures with a high density of sensory receptors are represented by a larger size, while those with a lesser concentration of sensory apparatus are shown as being “smaller” in size. Hence the mouth lips, hands feet and genitalia have a relatively large representation. Nerve fibers from the spinothalamic tract in the spinal cord (blue line) are relayed to the thalamus (orange) which filters and then distributes the sensation to the somatosensory cortex.

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The Somatosensory Cortex in the Parietal Lobe – Home of the Sensory Homunculus

The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobe  is the location of the the main sensory receptive area for all the senses including pain. It receives the stimuli from the thalamus and then integrates the information with other parts of the brain  that will modify the perception of the sensation

The function of the somatosensory cortex is that of a higher processing center for touch, temperature, pain, and proprioception serving to amplify awareness of the sensations enabled by the thalamus. Sensation from the left side of the body are processed in the right somatosensory cortex and similarly those from the right side are processed on the left. The higher function of the somatosensory cortex allows us to localize the pain to a specific site, perceive the character and intensity of the stimulus, and sometimes helps identify the shape of the originating object.

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The Higher Multicentric Levels of Pain Perception and Reaction

The somatosensory cortex relays impulses to other cerebral areas of perception that modulate the reaction to the pain  It forward the pain signals via the white matter to other centers in the cortex to enable integration with visual and auditory input, and with other higher cortical functions such as emotion and memory for example. The full experience is then “seen” by the brain enabling the consequent reaction to be as discriminating  and prudent relative to the nature and experience of the person. The difference between the reaction of an infant, child and an adult to the “shot at the doctors” speaks volumes about this latter function. 

Emotional Pain

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Pain of Poverty

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Pain of Addiction

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Pain of Loneliness

Pain .. Pain go away! – and please leave us alone!

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Anatomy of the Liver, Alcohol, and Addiction

The Liver – Just Another Normal Miracle of the Body

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24/7 Clockwork Purple 

The liver is the largest gland in the body and is central to many metabolic functions. It is known as the body’s “metabolic warehouse.”

The liver serves several important functions. It is integral to the digestive system, producing both internal and external secretions. The external secretion, bile, aids in the digestive process, while internal secretions are responsible for the metabolism of both nitrogenous and carbohydrate materials absorbed from the intestine.

Some of the liver’s functions take milliseconds and others take days and sometimes weeks. It secretes bile in order to  alter toxic substances chemically (e.g. converts ammonia to urea), converts glucose to glycogen, and can produce glucose from breaking down certain proteins. The liver also synthesizes triglycerides and cholesterol, breaks down fatty acids and produces plasma proteins necessary for the clotting of blood such as clotting factors I, III, V, VII, IX and XI. Nearly 30% of the blood pumped by the heart passes through the liver each minute.

One of the unique structural features of the liver is its dual blood supply. It is supplied both by an artery (hepatic artery) and a vein (yes a vein!) – the portal vein. The portal vein  drains the gastrointestinal tract of digested metabolic products and transports the nutrients to the liver for processing.

Four to five thousand  years ago, the sheep’s liver held godly powers in the Babylonian culture. The Babylonians, and many cultures thereafter, believed that since the liver was the largest organ, it certainly must be the organ of most importance.

The Cells

Hepatocytes are the major cellular component of the liver, comprising approximately 70% by volume. Structurally they are characterised by their large size and the absence of a basement membrane.  Functionally they are characterised by their remarkable metabolic and regenerative capability.  Kupffer cells are found within the space of Disse and they act as macrophages of the liver, identifying and removing substances and organisms toxic to the body.

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The Cells

The AiA rendering of cells in the round provide an image that is reminiscent of craters on the moon surface.  The thought process behind the image is the formation of tissues from cells.  The building of the whole from the parts starts with the cell and progresses to the tissue and finally the organ.  In this instance, groups of liver cells are artistically combined to form a tissue and an imaginary spherical organ.

Cellular Organization

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Organization of the Liver Cells in Cords Along the Rivers of Blood Flow

The liver  is a compound tubular serous gland. The cells are arranged in plates or cords alongside rivulets of a capillary network called  sinusoids.  The  spaces of Disse are spaces below the lining of the Kupffer cells. The plates and cords are lined by the sinusoids which are the channels which carry blood to the liver.  Just below the sinusoids, between the wall of the sinusoid and the capsule of the liver there is a space called the space of Disse which carries the lymphatic fluid of the liver.

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Organization of the Liver Cells in Cords in the Liver Lobule

The cells of the liver are organized in cords and plates and are organized like spokes of a wheel  around the central vein.  The periphery of the lobule contains  groups of portal triads consisting of portal vein (dark blue), hepatic artery (red) and bile duct (green).

The structural liver unit is called a lobule.  Cellular plates branch and anastomose alongside and in parallel with the sinusoids.  Each lobule measures 1-2mm and is shaped like a hexagon. A central venule lies at the center of the lobule and is the destination of the sinusoids, which carry both hepatic arteriole as well as portal venous blood.  At the periphery of the lobules are sets of portal triads consisting of portal vein, bile duct and hepatic artery.  The biliary system collects bile from the liver and evolves into an independent network terminating in the common bile duct which empties bile, into the duodenum.  The hepatic artery and portal vein supply the liver with metabolic substrates via the sinusoids, and also collect metabolic  products produced by the liver to transport to the rest of the body.

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Anatomy of the Liver in a Nutshell– 

From its Embryonic Beginnings to Full Member of the Society of the Body 

Pleasure

Alcohol – Drink of the Gods in Moderation and Poison of the Devil in Excess

Anatomy of the  Initial Positive Effects of Alcohol

“Drink because you are happy, but never because you are miserable.”
― G.K. Chesterton, 

genitourinary tract, genitourinary system, uterus, woman, Art in Anatomy, Ashley Davidoff MD

Social Drinking: The Prostate Having a Drink with the Uterus

The uterus and prostate are out on a date and sharing a cocktail   The uterus approximates a rectangular shape as does the prostate, accounting for their fascination with each other and their similarity with the shape of the wine glass.  The uterus is accompanied by the ovaries and the vagina which forms the stem of the wine glass.  The prostate is accompanied by the Seminal vesicles and Cowper’s glands and the urethra which acts as the stem of the wine glass. The male secretion seen in the urethra consists of a mixture of sperm, prostatic secretions, and seminal vesicle secretions.

Social drinking to celebrate an event is a wonderful means to enable people to open up to each other  

As G.K. Chesterton wrote – “Drink because you are happy, but never because you are miserable.”  

William Shakespeare, in Othello, on the other hand wrote – “I would not put a thief in my mouth to steal my brains.”

Most cultures favor the use of alcohol in celebration of events, and the positive effects of alcohol when used judiciously is to promote a pleasurable feeling via the nucleus accumbens, and to reduce stressful feelings (often social interactions) by reducing inhibitions by acting on the amygdala

Anatomy of the Feeling of Pleasure and the Nucleus Accumbens

The nucleus accumbens is one of the most primitive part of the brain.  It is part of the  basal part of the forebrain.  It is a paired structure. Alcohol promotes pleasure by stimulating the nucleus accumbens.

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The Nucleus Accumbens

The coronal section of the brain shows the nucleus accumbens (ringed red) opposite its partner at the base of the brain.  It lies just inferior to the internal capsule and frontal horns, near the hypoyhalamus

Courtesy Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology at Boston University School of Medicine Dr. Jennifer Luebke , and Dr. Douglas Rosene

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Artistic Rendition of the Nucleus Accumbens on a sagittal T1 Weighted MRI

The nucleus accumbens, which is the site enabling the sensation of pleasure is shown as a red dot at the base of brain near the hypothalamus.

Stress

Anatomy of Stress and the Amygdala

The amygdalae are paired structures that are part of the limbic system that play an important part in emotional reactions including the reactions to stress.  Alcohol reduces the uncomfortable emotion of stress and distress.  Stress, in general is healthy, while distress on the other hand is not.  The distinction between the two is not always obvious.  Social situations are often stressful since in general people are “forced”into a position with “new” people they do not know too well.  Using alcohol in such a social situation disinhibits the individuals, reduces the feeling of stress and promotes a sense of social confidence.. The origin of the physiology is in the amygdala.

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Amygdala of the Forebrain in Sagittal Projection

The amygdala (red arrow)is a nucleus that is part of the limbic system.  It is a paired structure.  They are located deep in the temporal lobes and participate in emotional reactions, memory, and decision making.

 

Peer Pressure 

Stressful social situations are particularly prominent in adolescence when peer pressure is pervasive.  The college experience with new adventures of socialization,  combined with freedom from the constraints of paternal disciplines are ripe for the use of substance abuse.

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Peer Pressure

The scene: Party night – adolescent on the right, different innocent, alone and anxious. The in- crowd on the left are homogenous, powerful in number and stature, and encourage the newcomer to join in and be “one of us” – perhaps drink or smoke – and this is how it starts.
Educate, support, and love your children – Promote confidence in themselves so when they are confronted they can just say “no!”

Loneliness

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Loneliness

Alone and bored, some turn to alcohol to provide relief.  It is a short term, and short sighted relief to the problem

Early Addiction

Every form of addiction is bad, no matter whether the narcotic be alcohol or morphine or idealism.

Carl Jung

The signs of early addiction

There are a few early warning signs that are forebears of early addiction as they start to surface.

They include; drinking alone, hiding and lying about the habit, blacking out, neglecting responsibility, deteriorating relationships, drinking in dangerous circumstances (eg before driving) and inability to quit.

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Too Much of a Good Thing- can make your life tipsy turvy and turn you upside down –

shows bottles of alcohol in different positions and personify the state of inebriation.  Alcoholic intoxication is a form of poisoning, and can make your life tipsy turvy and turn you upside down. The art piece expresses the uncontrolled situation of inebriation.  When the liver cannot metabolize the alcohol due to excess in the blood stream drunkenness ensues. At lower blood levels there is a sensation of elation and lack of social reserve.  With higher levels of alcohol in the blood, cerebral and cerebellar dysfunction ensues with ataxia, imbalance and muscle incoordination.  Forebrain impairment includes disability to make appropriate decisions.  Coma and death can ensue when blood levels are extremely high.

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Drunk Man in the Town Square

A drunk man in the town plaza is toying with the idea of another swig.  His indifference to his environment, and lack of judgement suggests he is inebriated.  However his body language with an outstretched arm holding the bottle and the other hand pointed in another direction may suggest, at least idealistically, symbolically and hopefully subconsciously, that he realises he could go one of two ways “Decision time” he says to himself – “on the one hand I could take a swig .. Yet on the other I may take a different and more healthful course” Which way do you think he would go? (Photograph modified to enable anonymity) 

Cirrhosis

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Normal Liver and Cirrhosis

The left sided image shows the CT scan of a normal liver.  The liver is the biggest structure that you can appreciate on the CT scan and is triangular in shape. The scan on the right shows a liver with cirrhosis.  Alcohol pickles and scars the liver making it look like a knobby shrunken prune. The first image reflects healthy and romantic enjoyment of two people enjoying a beer at sunset. The colorful sunset transposes int a black and white background providing the mood of a lonely alcoholic. The alcoholic drinks in loneliness and in excess, until finally the person and the the bottle do not remain upright symbolically reflecting physical and psychosocial failure.

The Failing Liver

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Normal Liver and Cirrhosis and Ascites

The AiA rendering shows a normal liver on the left, and a person with cirrhosis on the right evidenced by a shrunken, knobbly and pickled liver, jaundice of the skin and a distended abdomen caused by the accumulation of litres of fluid (ascites). In the long run, the addiction results in much suffering, a miserable existence, and immediately life threatening hemorrhagic episodes.

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Alcoholism and Ascites

(Photograph modified to enable anonymity) 

Liver Cancer

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Liver Cancer 

Liver cancer, frequently arises as a complication of cirrhosis and most particularly from alcoholic cirrhosis. The  AiA rendering of the liver shows the inner workings of the organ, now inhibited by the large yellow cancer preventing the clockwork function of the liver. The liver starts to fail as a result of the cirrhosis so that the synthesis of biochemical products that  keep the body going are no longer produced to the degree which they are needed.

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Wasting of Body and Life 

The collage shows normal healthy liver cells (top left) with a healthy appearing torso (CT scan  reconstruction bottom left).  The top right image reflect cancerous hepatic cells where the nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio is too large meaning that the the nuclei are too big and the cytoplasm too scanty.  This finding is one of the typical findings in cancer.  An emaciated torso (bottom right) is seen in contrast to the healthy counterpart.

Artistically the stark reality of health and disease is exposed.  This terrible disease stares at us in stark graphic reality.

Philosophically – the cancer cell is like a rebel in the community, who only has selfish interests and contributes nothing to the welfare of the community.  As a result the whole community of the body  eventually fails, and hence the emaciation of the body.

Lessons?  Kick the Habit Early  or Kick the Bucket

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Life, Cells, the US Constitution, and Trees

Life, Cells,the US Constitution, and Trees  

is an odd combination of concepts.  At first glance the title of the blog reveals a wide discrepancy of ideas, but in fact there are unifying concepts that bring them together.

The United States is one of the advanced cultures of the modern world. Its magnificent constitution states “We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.”   The wisdom rests firstly in the notion that “we the people” is the focus of all subsequent intentions resolutions and actions.  Secondly it provides hope and promise of a happy and safe society.  This statement of the constitution is satisfied in the biology of the cell, but not to the same extent in the dynamics of society.   We do not fully appreciate what perfection has been accomplished in the microcosm of our bodies nor how apt the opening statement is to the cells that make up living organisms. The cells in truth realise all the promises of the preamble, including a perfect union, justice, tranquility, defence, general welfare, liberty, and posterity.

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Trees, US Ideology, Cells, and the Body

Living structures are characterized by their ability to move, grow, reproduce, acquire and transport metabolic products, and protect themselves — all so they can function and contribute to the bigger community. The cell as the basic building block of life and living organisms performs all the described functions effortlessly, innately and automatically.  For the cell, life happens without struggle or effort.  People perform the same characteristics of life, but many individuals struggle to fulfil basic needs to satisfaction.

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Constitutional Makeup of the Body

The AiA art piece puts the cell in the centre of the body.  The cells, acting in combination with other cells, give life to their person in accordance with the preamble of the constitution. People in combination with other people give life to their society. 

From a physical perspective, biology has worked out a mechanism to keep all the 3.7 trillion cells of a single human being satisfied, fed, protected and fully functioning in their specific capacity. The liver cell is fulfilled in its capacity as a liver cell, and the same for the myocardial and brain cell.  In fact all animal cells live and do what they were born to do, and are fulfilled until disease or death. The world of botany has accomplished similar magnificence.cells-0005-catalogue-signed

Constitutional Makeup of the Tree

Tree cells in combination give life to the tree in accordance with the principles of the constitution.  

The 7.1 billion humans of the earth are still stuttering along, despite the lofty aspirations of the US Constitution.  Many citizens go hungry, innumerable are homeless and countless die in war.  The particular focus of this blog is to observe and appreciate the success of cells in the body, and try to understand and apply the processes that make them so successful to our society at large.

Branching Patterns in Nature – Success Story of Delivery and Waste Removal

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YinYang Tree – From Environment to Life in the Trees

The AiA rendering amplifies the arborising pattern of the roots and the branches in a background of the environment fuelled by the sun, air- filled atmosphere, and the earth.  The tree unit consists of two opposing forces just like the negative and positive forces of the atom.  The bare roots represent one force and the leaf filled flowering branches the other. They need each other and both need the environment (and the environment needs them) to develop, flourish and contribute.  They use a branching system at both ends to move nutrients and water efficiently .

What Do We as A Society Have to Learn from from the Yin-Yang Tree?

Opposing forces, when working together, enable both to flourish as individuals and as a new unit.  We need the man with the woman, the roots with the wings, the roots with the branches, the winter with the summer, the past with the future, the positive with the negative.  In the realm of tubes and flow we need a difference in pressure – a relative positive and a relative negative in order for the contents of the tube to flow.

heart, heart shape, ivy, leaf, heart shape, Valentine's day, romance, love,

In the Leaves

The geometric arborising pattern is universal and is shown in veins of the ivy leaf 

heart, Valentine's day, love, romance, heart shape, Chinese lantern, husk, capillaries, romance

Heart Shaped Chines Lantern Flower

The dried flower reveals a delicate capillary-like infrastructure which is the transport mechanism for the petals. The flower enfolds and defends a barely appreciated, delicate fruit buried within its husk. The need to protect its fruit  manifests parental love which it can only do because it has an efficient transport mechanism to maintain itself.

 

Branching Patterns in the Body –The Vascular System

Supply and Removal of Metabolites and Waste

The transport systems of biology are exemplified by phenomenal branching tube morphology that is efficient.  The delivery and removal system in the form of arteries, capillaries and veins is 60,000 miles long (2.5 X the distance around the earth) – and with a pump that beats on the average of 72 times per minute,  3.7 trillion cells are continually fed and cleared of waste, and as a result can be  productive and fulfilled. Food is delivered and is waste removed from the front door of every cell constantly.  Each cell understands and applies the Goldilocks principle – “Take Not too much , nor too little, but what is just right for your needs.”

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The Pulsatile Miracle Circulation

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The Circulation; A Pump, Arteries, Capillaries, and Veins

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Capillary Network At the Front Door of the Cells

Specific Circulations

The Brain

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Arterial Tree of the Brain Under the Purple Moon

derivation, brain, artery, arteries, carotid artery, internal carotid artery, external carotid artery, trees, mountains, reflection, lake, mountains, normal, MRI, MRA, MR angiography, art, the common vein, art in anatomy, Ashley Davidoff MD

Derivation of the Arterial Tree of the Brain Under the Purple Moon

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Arterial Tree of the Brain – External and Internal Carotid Systems

The Heart

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The Crown-Like Coronary Arterial Tree

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Derivation of the Artistic rendering of the The Crown-Like Coronary Arterial Tree

The Lungs

heart, pulmonary circulation, pulmonary artery, capillaries, pulmonary veins, left atrium, intimacy, body language

The Pulmonary Circulation

The Gastrointestinal Tract

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Mesenteric Venous System of the Small Bowel

Note that the abdomen has been turned upside down in order to appreciate the tree like formation of the portal vein and small bowel.  

The liver is seen at bottom left in purple and the spleen (right) in orange

 The Spleenspleen, splenic artery, tree, trees of the body, arteriogram, radiology, art, the common vein, art in anatomy, Ashley Davidoff MD

The Splenic Arterial Tree

 

 The Kidneys

genitourinary system, genitourinary tract, kidney, arteries, veins, renal veins, renal arteries, normal, radiology, ultrasound, Doppler, power doppler, trees, branching, , Art in Anatomy, Ashley Davidoff MD.,

Renal Veins By Doppler Ultrasound in Spring

 The Liver

 

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The Hepatic Venules

 

Ductal Systems

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Ducts of the Breast

breasts, glands, ducts, histology, trees, trees in the body, mammary glands, art, the common vein, art in anatomy, Ashley Davidoff MD

Histology of the Glands of the Breast

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Bile Ductal System Working Night and Day

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Dilated Biliary Ductal System and the Bonsai Tree

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The Tree of the Prostate Gland

Organs and Other Structures with Tree Like Shapes

genitourinary tract, genitourinary system, kidneys, renal, kidney, bladder, anatomy, CT scan, radiology, CT urogram, Art in Anatomy, Ashley Davidoff MD, dance, trees, forest,

A Forest of Kidney Trees

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Ginkgo Lung Tree

hands, bones, cold night, tree, X-ray, winter

A Winter Tree of Hands Under the Moonlight

The Brain

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The Brain Tree

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Derivation of the Brain Tree – Artistic Recreation 

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The Arbor Vitae – Tree of Life of the Cerebellum

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Tree -Like Purkinje Cells 

Drawing of Purkinje cells (A) and granule cells (B) from pigeon cerebellum by Santiago Ramón y Cajal, 1899; Instituto Cajal, Madrid, Spain. Public Domain

Drawing by Camillo Golgi of a hippocampus stained using the silver nitrate method and digitally rendered by the artist

This treelike branching pattern of neurons responsible for consciousness seems to be a structural feature of the universe itself.

Realising “We the People” – First Step – Efficient Supply and Removal of Metabolites and Waste for the People of the World

Without adequate food and water, the promise of “We the people” of the preamble of the constitution cannot be fulfilled. Currently 1 in 9 people in the world do not have enough food. Without this basic need they are unable to lead an active and healthy life.  Is it because there is not enough food in the world? Is it because the 3rd world starving countries are too far away from the excess food of the farms of abundance? The skin cell at the tip of the most remote toe or the most remote cell at the top of the head are equally supplied according to their need.  In a healthy individual no cell gets left behind.  Yet many people get left behind in the world.

How to do it?

To some extent we have built and continue to build an arborising network for water supply and waste removal.  In the US 86% of the population have clean water delivered.  In developing countries efficient water supply and sewerage facilities are lacking.  One in 10 people lack safe access to clean water, and 1 in 3 lack access to a toilet (water.org).  Building a similar network that spans the world and delivers food to the front door of all the people of the world is the obvious first step.  Yet it seems like a pipe dream.  The network of information provided by the internet was also a pipe dream for people like Nikola Tesla who had a vision for  a “world wireless system” in the early 1900s. The ability to deliver real time information to the front door via the world wide web is only 30 years old.  Could anybody prior to 20th century imagine such a technological accomplishment?  If only we could deliver food via an innate arborising pattern.  What if, for example, a high calorie liquid energy food could be delivered alongside the arborising water system?  It may not be a classical meal but it is certainly more than nothing. The practical intent of this blog  is to  draw parallels between biology and society, which can learn from an almost perfect delivery and removal system, most commonly in the form of tree-like branching.

The universe has evolved over about 13.7 billion years and  in so doing has the wisdom of time on its side.  Over this time, it has developed systems that optimise energy and efficiency.  We as thinking biological beings have evolved highly developed biological processes over the last 2.4 billion years.  We have developed a mind and free choice.  The mind for us has been a double edged sword – both a gift and a curse.  A gift because it has given us an ego, individuality, tribalism, heterogeneous cultures, poetry, literature, art, theater, science, dance, athletics, religion, and organization, but a curse that has brought ego, selfishness, pride, religion, jealousy, murder, bigotry, prejudice, and tribalism. The desire to live in “a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity” requires that basic biological requirements are available and met.  The cells of the healthy body have acquired the aspirations of the US Constitution.

The cell has no mind nor ego and is therefore waiting only for evolutionary changes.  We as thinking beings want it all now, and continue to try and improve our lot in a lifetime and are too impatient to be happy with our lot.  We therefore push the double-edged envelope with our ego and in so doing while we are social beings we are competitive individuals at the same time.  This creates an internal conflict and conflict with others making perfect union a dream rather than reality.  The start for the world should be an efficient low energy, arborising delivery system, for food and water system for all people.  Without this the US Constitutional aspirations are only a dream.

Hillel recognized the conflict.  “If I am not for myself,” he said, “who will be for me?  And if I am only for myself, what am I.  And if not now when then?”  It is the balance of “I” and “they” that we have to find.  The cells have done it – Why can’t we?

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I am the Colon- In the Bowels of the Body, I Reside and Work

A Poem about the Colon

by Ashley Davidoff MD Copyright 2016

I am the Colon

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I have not captured the imagination of poets, artists, and historians.

Unlike my brothers and sisters the heart, liver, and the brain,

I am usually a subject that is avoided in cultured circles,

And commonly the butt of coarse  jocularity in casual circles. 

My contents are usually used as expletives of disgust and disagreement, 

While my tail end is used in reference to the last and the least. 

 

Let me tell you my story …..

I am the colon – they also call me the large bowel.

Some call me the “large howl” because of the noises that I make.

I do make noises – most of the time I sing a droning song while I go about my work,

Almost like a bass or double bass.

Sometimes I have to let off steam and then the wind instruments take charge,

With sounds that range from a piercing bleat to the beautiful alto furtive blurt.

When my contents are fluid I can tinkle along like a triangle in a percussion band.

Borborygmi they are called –quite a fancy name for a rather primitive sound.

Talking about music, I was surprised to read that Mozart took an interest in me.

His scatological letters are infamous, though admittedly his music is genius.

I am somewhat proud of his obsession for me.

 

So much for what people think or have thought. Let me give you my perspective.

My body is unique!  No other structure in the body comes close.

With my taenia coli and rounded haustra I am adorned in appendices epiploica.

The three beautiful, graceful and gracile taenia run along the entire length of my body.  

I really like these sleek muscles

haustra, taenia coli, muscle, transverse colon, gastrointestinal tract, gastrointestinal system, colon, large bowel, art, anatomy, art in anatomy, Ashley Davidoff MD

Sleek Tenia Coli Muscle and Voluptuous Haustra

So symmetrically positioned around my circumference.

They are always a tad tight, giving me my voluptuous bulges – the haustra.

I like those too.

They give me haughtiness and sometimes a naughtiness – those haughty naughty voluptuous haustra.

…and here it comes again: their fancy shmancy name: “appendices epiploica.”

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The Ugly Appendices Epiploica

I hate them! I don’t understand what function they play …

What in heaven’s name was God thinking when he put those fatty …things!… on my waist?

I detest them!  Do you hear me? D-E-T-E-S-T!

They may have been the fashion in the time of Adam and Eve,

But God, please get with the times – they are way out of fashion.

 

Now all riled up I continue my rant and rave.

Chyme they call it!

Chyme my ass! (Oops, I should not have said that.)

They give it a fancy Latin name to make you think it is elegant.

What would you feel like if you were dealt the grime and sludge that I am dealt?

It is pure muck with all the good things removed – dirty slimy muck!

And this is only the beginning.

Wait for the obnoxious gas that those bacteria fellows produce.

It presses on my sides and makes the jowls of my bowels howl.

Talk about noxious and obnoxious – we should bring OSHA down here.

 

I feel a little better now that I have let off some steam,

So I resign myself to my lot in life and I deal with it and in it.

My cryptic workers – God bless mein lieber kinder, the crypts of Lieberkuhn:

histology, epithelium, crypts of Lieberkuhn, gastrointestinal tract, gastrointestinal system, colon, large bowel, art, anatomy, art in anatomy, Ashley Davidoff MD

God Bless Mein Lieber Crypts of Lieberkuhn

They take that stuff into their crypts and work away at it for hours and sometimes days.

And voila – with bubble, bubble, toil and trouble,

A well molded product of dehydrated debris

Mixed with a tincture of mucus, a bead of sweat, and fermented gas for the rise,

To which I add a drop of color with my stercobilin

To form beautiful compacted nuggets called scybalae.

 

Getting rid of the product and passing it on into the free world is yet another story.

Some wondrous interactions are going on between me and my muscles (and you and your muscles, and your marvelous mind and body).

To cut a long story short, the coordination is quite something until we finally get the job done.

I heave a sigh of relief when I see the fruit of my labor out of the door.

In the end I am very happy to be part of your body,

To do my little thing, retrieve some water, and earn my keep.

So that you can experience another wondrous day, enjoy another meal,

And live to tell another tail … end story.

rectum, gastrointestinal tract, gastrointestinal system, colon, large bowel, art, anatomy, art in anatomy, Ashley Davidoff MD

The End

This poem has been modified from its original version published in the module on The Colon in the The Common Vein web site

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Art, Anatomy, and Wisdom of the Kidneys

Art Anatomy and Wisdom of the Kidneys 

March is NATIONAL KIDNEY MONTH and March 14 2016 is WORLD KIDNEY DAY – dedicated to my teachers Dr Edward Smith and the late Dr Harry Mellins and  …. so here goes.

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The Kidneys and Their Golden Adrenals

serve to preserve our precious water. The kidneys face each other (eye to eye) in the body as trusting life long partners. When the going gets tough for the one, the other is there to fill the void. How much more can one ask of a life long partner?

The Nephron –  The Little People and the Backbone of the Kidney

nephron, proximal tubule, Bowman's capsule, glomerulus, loop of Henle, arteriole, kidneys, renal, genitourinary tract, genitourinary system,bladder, urethra, Art in Anatomy, Ashley Davidoff MDFilter, Flow Concentrate

The story of urine production is the story of the complex physiology.  The diagram simplifies the steps in the production of urine involved in the production of urine using linear and wavy shapes and showing the connectivity and interdependence of the parts.  Blood (red) is filtered by the Bowman’s capsule(blue). The filtered plasma travels through a series of tubes (yellow) called proximal convolued tubule, loop of Henle, then distal convoluted tubule and with the magic of physiology enables water reabsorption and subsequent concentrated urine production. The urine is collected by collecting tubules, and transported via the calyces, renal pelvis and then ureters (orange) to the bladder (oval orange). The final pathway is out back to the environment via the urethra. The art is a combination of minimalism,  linearity, and spherism .

nephron, proximal tubule, Bowman's capsule, glomerulus, loop of Henle, arteriole, kidneys, renal, genitourinary tract, genitourinary system,bladder, urethra, Art in Anatomy, Ashley Davidoff MD

Filter Flow and and Concentate 

Same story – different way of artistically portraying the structural and functional order of urine production

nephron, proximal tubule, Bowman's capsule, glomerulus, loop of Henle, arteriole, kidneys, renal, genitourinary tract, genitourinary system,bladder, urethra

Parts of the Kidney Using Labels

genitourinary tract, genitourinary system, kidneys, nephron, arteriole, glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, Bowman's capsule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubules, collecting tubules, papilla, calyx, calyces, fornix, infundibulum, pelvis, renal pelvis, ureter, anatomy, kidneys, kidney, renal, Art in Anatomy, Ashley Davidoff MD

Fish Eye View of a Kidney Nephron 

is a sphere providing a view of the tissues making up the micro-tubular structure of the filtering system of the kidneys.  The connections between the tubular systems, arteries and veins, and the positioning of the loops of Henle are essential to the micro-function and macro-function of the kidney.  The style of spherism provides a sense of wholeness.

 kidneys, anatomy, physiology, renal,

An Ocean View of the Nephron

“Ocean View of a Kidney Nephron with Glomerulus Bowman’s Tubules Henle Arterioles and Venules at Sunset”  shows a an out of context depiction of the nephron.    The art piece has a surreal appearance with the sun at the bottom of the ocean and the tubules of the nephron with shapes reminiscent of Miro.  In addition there is a sense of spherism with the vascular system surrounding the nephron and the round shape of the sun. The water theme and the colors create a quiet and peaceful ambiance.

nephron, proximal tubule, Bowman's capsule, glomerulus, loop of Henle, arteriole, venule, kidneys, renal, genitourinary tract, genitourinary system,

Moods of the Kidney Nephron

“Moods of the Kidney Nephron with Glomerulus Bowman’s Tubules Henle Arterioles and Venules in All Colors” is collage of different colors of the nephron indicating different moods.  The art piece has a surreal appearance with a hint of Miro in the shapes of the structures.  The moods projected by the colors are mostly upbeat.

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Kidneys – Macro and Micro

“Kidneys- Macro and Micro” combines the histology of the kidney with its macroscopic image.  The nephron with the arteriole, glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, proximal and distal convoluted tubules, loop of Henle, and collecting ducts are shown in the their distribution in the cortex and medulla of the kidney.  The collecting ducts enter the papilla, then the calyx and reach the ureters via the infundibulum and renal pelvis.

 

kidneys, nephron, urine, anatomy, water, Art in Anatomy, Ashley Davidoff MD

Kidneys Water to Water

“Water to Water, Dust to Dust – If you have to Pee, then You Must” is one of the captions that has been used to describe this image. 95% of urine is water and the” dust” is represented by organic and inorganic compounds.  These include urea, chloride, sodium, potassium, organic solutes including urea, creatinine, uric acid.  In addition there are trace amounts of enzymes, carbohydrates, hormones, fatty acids, pigments, and mucins.  The inorganic ions include sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl–), magnesium (Mg2+), calcium (Ca2+), ammonium (NH4+), sulfates (SO42-), and phosphates (e.g., PO43-).

kidneys, renal, calyces, ureters, bladder, genitourinary tract, genitourinary system, abdomen. pelvis, X-ray, radiology, Art in Anatomy, Ashley Davidoff MD

Kidneys Ureters and Bladder in Pink

“Kidneys, Ureters, and Bladder in Pink” is abdominal X-ray of the abdomen after contrast injection and shows the kidneys, calyces, renal pelvis, ureters and urinary bladder.  The pink hue softens the classical black and white X-ray, but is in contrast to obvious blackened skeletal structures, including the lumbar spine, and pelvic bones. 

The Dancing Kidneys

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The Hora at the Royal Renal Wedding 

“The Kidney Hora at the Royal Renal Wedding” shows the bride and groom in the center of the first hora dance at their wedding. The dancing guests are derived from original CT angiograms showing the renal arteries and kidneys . The bride is derived from a nephrostogram (UPJ traumatic disruption) and the groom was created from a retrograde pyelogram.

kidneys, renal, MRI, MRA, MRV dance, renal arterry, renal vein, genitourinary tract, genitourinary system, Art in Anatomy, Ashley DAvidoff MD

Dancing the Rock ‘N Roll

“Kidneys Doing the Rock and Roll with Arteries and Veins Holding Tight” is the venous phase of an MRI angiogram . The kidneys each in different party colors, with a background of pastel colors gives a feeling or mood of celebration and delight.  The way they are bonded with vein on vein, and artery on artery provides the sense of partners holding tight in a rock and roll dance at the festivity.

kidneys, ureters, dance, flamenco, Fall, bladder, CT scan, art, art in anatomy , Ashley Davidoff

Paso Doble

“Paso Doble of the Kidneys in the Autumn” shows a duet in the Fall.  It portrays the passion of  male and female in a fiery dance.  The image was derived from a CT urogram showing the kidneys, calyces, renal pelves, ureters and bladder.  The mature and mellow colors are reflected in the yellows and oranges but are also characteristic Spanish colors.

kidney, arteries, normal, aorta, CTA, CT scan, radiology, dance, rumba

Renal Arteries Doing the Rumba

“The Renal Arteries Doing the Rumba” shows two fashionable folks pairing in an elegant rumba .  The two images are derived from separate CT angiograms and shows a normal aorta with renal arteries in different projections. The dancer on the left has a sleek twist while the the dancer on the right is in upright position with open arms for his partner.

kidney, arteries, normal, aorta, CTA, CT scan, radiology, dance, hip hop

The Renal Arteries Hip Hopping

“The Renal Arteries Doing the Hip Hop” shows two fashionable folks in a high spirited rippin hot wild Hip Hop dance.  The two images are derived from separate CT angiograms and shows the aging atherosclerotic aorta with the renal arteries in different projections. The dancer on the left has two stents at the origin of the renal arteries that look like part of the dress. The dancer on the right has a small infrarenal aortic aneurysm and an accessory renal artery on the right.  The elongated heads of the dancers give them a funky and wild look.

The Kidney Tree 

genitourinary system, genitourinary tract, kidney, arteries, veins, renal veins, renal arteries, normal, radiology, ultrasound, Doppler, power doppler, trees, branching, , Art in Anatomy, Ashley Davidoff MD.,

Summertime in the Kidney Tree

This art piece shows a color Doppler of the kidney and outlines the renovascular tree .  The black and white has been replaced by a skyblue color, while the red and blue of the Doppler has been replaced by the green, blue and purples of summer color. The image has been given an impressionistic feel with a Seurat pointillism effect.  The result is an image that has a feel of Seurat’s “A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte”

kidneys, renal, genitourinary tract, genitourinary system, Doppler ultrasound, veins, color Doppler, radiology, Art in Anatomy, Ashley Davidoff MD, trees, forest

Forest of Trees of the Renal Veins

A rendering of a Doppler ultrasound that has been reconstructed in 3D revealing the veins subtending the kidney.  Artistically the tree like structure of the veins has been rendered to create a forest of trees. The work gives a sense that the viewer is deep within the quiet of the forest, since only the base of the tree trunks dominate the view. The color provides a mood of peacefulness, and the magnification of the trunks provides a spirituality and humbles the viewer in the face of the magnificence and grandeur of nature.

kidneys, anatomy, physiology, renal,

Forest of Trees on CT Urogram

The  CT scan has been reconstructed in the coronal plane revealing the bonds between the kidneys, calyces, pelves, ureters, and the bladder.  Artistically the tree like structure of the kidneys has been rendered to create a bunch of flowers or forest of trees depending on the perspective of the viewer.

Lessons from the Kidney Tree 

genitourinary system, genitourinary tract, kidney, arteries, veins, renal veins, renal arteries, normal, radiology, ultrasound, Doppler, power doppler, trees, branching, , Art in Anatomy, Ashley Davidoff MD., winter, summer

Time for the Summer, Time for the Winter

This artpiece teaches us the unpredictability of fate and time .  The power Doppler ultrasound of the kidneys shows a variation of the renal vasculature.  On the left side, the vascular system is abundant, while on the right side, just the skeleton of the veins is demonstrated. The artist saw this image as an opportunity to explore concepts such as opposites, abundance, paucity, situational changes, time, and life lessons.  Relevant quotes include “Make Hay while the Sun Shines” and “There is a Time for Every  Every Season” .  Artistically a sharp line differentiates the left side from the right.  This abrupt change from the one season to the next can also infer unpredictable, and fateful situational change in  life.  In this case -there is a seasonal change, but the situation could just as easily reflect an abrupt change with the arrival of a devastating disease on the doorstep of life.   This image precedes a similar image showing the browns of the fall to the left and the winter to the right (below).

genitourinary system, genitourinary tract, kidney, arteries, veins, renal veins, renal arteries, normal, radiology, ultrasound, Doppler, power doppler, trees, branching, , Art in Anatomy, Ashley Davidoff MD., winter, fall

Time for the Fall, Time for the Winter

This artpiece teaches us the same lesson of unpredictability of fate and time.  Rather than going from summer to winter as time changes, this image goes from the browns of fall to the black and white of winter

Lessons from the Kidneys

kidneys, anatomy, physiology, renal, calyces, pelvis, ureter, urine, Art in Anatomy, Ashley Davidoff MD

The Pair in Purple

The art piece shows the kidneys with calyces, infundibula, renal pelves, and ureters. The pair have a intimate position as they face each other.  They have the same purpose in life -to rid the body of waste and to preserve water.  There is a commitment by the kidneys to each other  The art represents a promise of the kidneys to stay together through thick and thin – till death do them part. Personal ego plays no part in their relationship.  There is a clarity and simplicity in the art piece at the surface with well known underlying extreme complexity of the physiology.

kidneys, anatomy, physiology, renal, calyces, pelvis, ureter, urine, tree

Said the Kidney to the Heart… 

“You allow me to be myself, and do what I do best.  Without you I would be nothing!”  Said the heart to the kidneys “You rid us of waste and toxins, and you recycle our water. Without you, we all would be nothing!”  This profound conversation between the two organs contains the universal wisdom of biology and life .  We all need to do what we do best.  When we do this, the whole society of cells, organs, or people benefit.  The success of the one is the success of all.  The art piece shows the collaborative  form of the two kidneys resulting in a heart shaped tree.  The color of the trunk of golden urine brings the artistic element back to the reality of the kidney function and the gushing forth of urine.

 

And so ends the story of the Art,  Anatomy and Wisdom of the Kidneys

 

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Anatomy of Winter Water

Anatomy of  Winter Water 

February 2016 in Boston Massachusetts – Ashley Davidoff MD 

 

Winter Water changes its size, shape, position and character depending on the temperature, gravity, time and surrounding confines.

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Snow Outside in Boston

The winter of 2016 in Boston had not been too bad compared to the unforgettable winter of 2015. We  got 8-12 inches on the day this image was taken just a few days before Valentine’s day.  As always the snow left a trail of beauty particularly when viewed from the inside of a warm house.  Though truthfully, a walk in freshly fallen snow among the trees is also a magical experience. The view from our kitchen window is shown above.

On Valentine’s day 2016, 2 or 3 days after the snowstorm, the lowest temp reached -9 degrees F. This was the coldest Valentine’s day since 1957.  It  was zero degrees Fahrenheit when the photograph was taken.

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Frost and Ice on the Window Pane

4 basic layers evolved on the kitchen window.  This is explained diagrammatically in the next image. The real beauty was at the the bottom of the window pane there was a whole bevy of magnificent gems of the winter, hanging on the outside of a double paned kitchen window. The crystals were attached to a large ice droplet.  The result of nature’s work was more beautiful than any man made piece of jewelry.

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Frost and Ice on the Window Pane Explained

The relatively warm top part of the window showed a few ice crystals of collected fallen snow (layer 1) which quickly melted to form small droplets of water (layer 2).  Gravity caused these water bubbles to flow downward and get a little larger as they accumulated smaller droplets to form the bigger drops in the frosted background (layer 3).  When they reached the bottom part of the pane the temperature was lowest  resulting in crystallization and formation of beautiful gem-like structures .

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Gems of Ice Crystal at the Bottom of the Window Pane

Under given conditions in the winter, snow is formed from the water in the clouds and the water gets transformed into a wide variety of sizes, shapes and character.  The result was breathtaking!

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Melted Frost and Ice Gems 

The following day, the temperatures rose and the beautiful forms of crystallized ice, melted into a few nondescript water droplets, still beautiful but in a very rustic way.

 In the Meantime on the Outside Winter Water Creates Miracle Art

As the temperatures rose, I took the dog for a walk in the local park and was greeted by an infinite variety of microcosmic ice formations caused by the rising temperatures.  The puddles of frozen water started to crack, revealing magnificent shapes and a variety of ice and crystal formations in various stages between the solid and liquid form of water. Within a span of 30 minutes, I took over 200 images and here follows the result of the short photographic excursion with my macro lens.

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Ice Crystals on Columns of Thin Ice

 The shapes in this small ice pond took the form of columns of thin transparent ice with horizontal needle-like crystals projecting off the columns.

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Picasso Flying on Thin Ice

The art piece discovered in an ice pond by a macro lens revealed Picasso the eternal artist of yesteryear from the perspective of winter water.  The Picasso-like face in a boot with wings was perceived by the artist.  The formation of ice crystals require special winter conditions. In this case ice bubbles formed around a structure reminiscent of a face with a peaked hat. Waves of water in the ice form the wing-like structures

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Mirror Mirror on The Wall – What Do you See?

The art piece was discovered in an ice pond by a macro lens and reveals an abstraction of shapes. MIRROR MIRROR ON THE WALL..I see an evil queen – What do you see?   The formation of ice crystals and shapes in the thin ice require special winter conditions. In this case sharp white lines form a variety of shapes. Waves of water in the ice form the corrugated structures.

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I See an Evil Witch in the Mirror

What do you see?  The artist’s perception is overlaid in color. The face of the evil witch in the mirror (left) consists  the face with red lips, blue eyes, and a hooked nose.  To the right is a  person with a light green shirt and purple head.

Images of the Architecture of our Ancient Civilization 

 

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Tower of Babel ce Bubbles and Wood Chips

 In this art piece crystalised bubbles  project off pieces of wood chips.  The artist saw the an ill formed Tower of Babel crowned by a beautiful formation of ice bubbles

Images of the Architecture of Our Current Civilization 

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One World Trade Center and Ground Zero in Ice

The art piece is centered on a vertical skyscraper representing One World Trade Center. This art piece is a dedication to the great city of New York from the tiny ice ponds of a Boston park.  One World Trade Center is clustered with other skyscrapers in the center surrounding one of the main avenues traversing the city.  At the base of the skyscrapers, the foundation soil that shines through the ice water reflects the ground zero earth on which this magnificent building with its deep seated history, was built. The iced up East river surrounds Manhattan.  To the left there is a structure that represents the Brooklyn bridge and the wave like ice formation is a continuation of the bridge as it is seen lit up at night that extends from Brooklyn to Manhattan. The whole scene reflects a nighttime scene with city lights that abound.

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One World Trade Center The Brooklyn Bridge and the East River

Lessons of Biology

Images of the Natural World

Birds

pelican, log fish, winter, ice, cold, crystals, ice crystals, temperature, freezing, shapes, ice crystals, frost, temperature, gravity, science, water

Pelican Catching a Log Fish in ice Water

The art piece was discovered in an ice pond using a macro lens and reveals an abstract appreciation of the shapes. To the photographer and artist, a pelican is seen to the left of the image with a wide open beak pursuing one of the two fish swimming in the water.  The shapes of the fish look more like logs.  The small ice ponds in the local park were the source of this photograph.  The macro lens allows the capture of the minute detail, otherwise not appreciated fully by the naked eye.  There has been no electronic alteration to the art of natural form.

Trees and Plants

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Winter Trees of Ice Crystals

A walk in the cold of Boston with a macro lens exposed a tiny forest of winter trees beside a big pond under the warming winter sun.  Crystals of ice lined along a horizontal line reminiscent of a small forest, surrounded by the frozen water.  The surrounding ice pond has its own innate and naturally beautiful shapes.  Above the left side of the forest, the bundle of orange vegetation, likely debris from the previous fall,  represents a ball of warming sun to complete the scene.

The scene reminded me of the photograph of the Grove of Cone Shaped Trees below

B

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Cone Shaped Grove of Trees

The other images below of the ice crystals on the kitchen window and the similar morphology in the botanical world

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Boston Winter Mediterranean Summer 

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Ice Crystals and Arborvitae

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Feather Shaped Ice Crystals Grasses and Flowers 

 

Lessons of Biology

cell, macrophage, nucleus, winter, ice, cold, crystals, ice crystals, temperature, freezing, shapes, ice crystals, frost, temperature, gravity, science, water,

The Marvelous Macrophage – Soldier of the Body

The artist found this brave young macrophage lady in the ice pond of a Boston winter bravely fighting off pathogenic bacteria.  AiA applies the concept of multiple cyst like ice structures to the anatomy of the body, and in this instance to the lysosomes and other organelles in the cell.  The pseudopods of the dendritic cell are presented as the spiculated ice formations emanating from the edge of the white cell.

Human Biology Romance and Reproduction in Ice

garden of Eden, Adam and Eve, breasts, breast, body, torso, winter, water, crystals, ice,

Adam, Eve and the Snake

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A  Female Torso of Ice Floating On a Film of Cold Water

breasts, winter, ice, cold, crystals, ice crystals, temperature, freezing, shapes, ice crystals, frost, temperature, gravity, science, water

Woman Looking at Black Ice

In this art piece a woman is portrayed.  She admires the black ice through the cleft of her breasts.  The solid thick ice has assumed the rounded shapes of a woman’s breasts.  The sheets of black ice is seen in contrast to the white ice that dominate the image.

testes, penis, vas deferens, vasa deferentia, sperm, flagella, spermatozoa, winter, ice, cold, crystals, ice crystals, temperature, freezing, shapes, ice crystals, frost, temperature, gravity, science, water, bubbles,

Abstract of Male Organs and Reproductive Cells

The testes are in the bottom right hand corner filled with reproductive cells (sperm).  At the appropriate time during ejaculation they take a trip via the vas deferentia.  The vasa deferentia are depicted as tubular structures travelling from the testes to the base of the penis down the prostatic urethra where they collect the prostatic secretion. They then travel down the urethra and out into the female geniutal tract.  The race is on as they all seek to win the hand of the queen – the ovum de jour.

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Single Celled Flagellated Cells Looking for a Single Celled Partner

 The shapes that manifest in this instance were small microbubbles with waves of icy water.  The small bubbles are reminiscent of sperm cells and the waves of transparent ice reminiscent of the tail of the sperm.   The race is on!

winter, ice, cold, crystals, ice crystals, temperature, freezing, shapes, ice crystals, frost, temperature, gravity, science, water, ovary, follicles, cysts

Ovary and Follicles in Ice

AiA applies the concept of multiple cyst like ice structures to the anatomy of the body and in this instance to the ovary.  Ice bubbles form around air and other small structures of the earth and create follicular shaped structures of varying size on the ovarian like structure. The formation of ice crystals requires special winter conditions.  Freezing cold and water are basic ingredients. 

winter, ice, cold, crystals, ice crystals, temperature, freezing, shapes, ice crystals, frost, temperature, gravity, science, water, breasts, pregnancy, pregnant, woman, nude

Pregnancy in Ice

In this art piece a pregnancy is portrayed.  The cracked thin ice has assumed the rounded shapes of a woman with a rotund abdomen reminiscent of pregnancy.  The grass of the earth is magnified and illuminated in the pregnant abdomen, and a fetal structure is suggested in the expected location of the uterus.

Lessons of Life 

Time, Natural Disaster, Religion, Love, Sorrow, Fulfillment

Time

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Time Passes – A Cold Reality

The AiA rendering shows a fallen dead life still with beautiful colors of a Fall and a time gone by,  trapped by the ice and cold of the present tense. The message pertains to a yearning for the warmer, richer and mellow days of the autumn.  These are but sweet memories which are confronted by the harsh reality of the present and a cold, and sometimes unforgiving winter.  Though sweet memories are always sweet, one has to be realistic and deal with the present, knowing full well that the future will spring new realities.  Below the ice you may sense just a hint of green of the grass which will be part of the future of this vista.  The life lesson  – time passes.

Natural Disaster, 

winter, ice, cold, crystals, ice crystals, temperature, freezing, shapes, ice crystals, frost, temperature, gravity, science, water, snow, cracked

Snowquake

A natural disaster

Sorrow and Winter Water

eyes, tears, crying, nose, winter, ice, cold, crystals, ice crystals, temperature, freezing, shapes, ice crystals, frost, temperature, gravity, science, water,

Black Eyes, A Shiny Nose and Odd Looking Tears

The art piece reveals a different perspective of ice on the grate of a manhole cover in a Boston winter.  Two square black holes represent the two dark eyes, while the ice on the vertical limb with cracked ice of the manhole cover represents the shiny nose.  Two drops of water on the eyes in odd positions represent the odd looking tears providing the intrigue of the art piece.  What does the artist infer regarding the sadness in the eyes – that is up to you to think about!  Hidden messages abound

Pursuit of Fulfillment with Winter Water

bird, triangle, winter, ice, cold, crystals, ice crystals, temperature, freezing, shapes, ice crystals, frost, temperature, gravity, science, water,

Said the Ice Bird to the Triangle

In this art piece a bird who appears fulfilled in every beautiful way and is trying in a motherly way to teach the triangle a life lesson.  She pleads with the triangle not to lose its roots and foundation, because without the foundation it loses its identity as a triangle.  She then pleads with the triangle to remain true to itself and in that way it will grow and become something more profound – and in this case the artist draws attention to the triangular shape of the bird’s beak that plays a highly important function in the bird’s life. Finally she tells the degenerating triangle that “..if you don’t pull yourself together, you will end up like all the other sticks in my nest!”

Religion Love, Broken Love, Sorrow and Winter Water

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Broken Heart at the Crux of the Cross

taken in the local park after the Boston Valentine’s day freeze.A teardrop is seen at bottom right. The image has a religious feel of course and I also love the way the heart of ice illuminates the oxidized green on the steel grate of the manhole cover. Hidden messages abound.

And that is Boston February 2016 folks- and fun with anatomy of the winter ice water

 

 

References for Winter Water

Water Wiki

Window Frost Wiki

Frost Wiki

Formation of Ice Crystals and Snow 5 star

Guide to Frost

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Anatomy of the Caribbean Heavens

The heavens are rich with artistry  creativity, and lessons to teach us

When viewed from a ship at sea they are even richer – and vacation provides the time and opportunity to explore and express this beauty.  The art is biased of course by the perspective of the observer.  AiA finds the shapes and character of “things” related to the body, biology, art and culture of primary interest.  The Caribbean heavens explored from a boat contains  a wealth of material.

As we started our journey….

I swear I saw  Prometheus running down from the heavens !

body, sky, heavens,clouds, athlete, running

and then I looked a little closer …

body, sky, heavens,clouds, athlete, running

and then put on my shades… and yes twas  a powerful athlete running down to earth from the skies and he was carrying something!  body, sky, heavens,clouds, athlete, running

 

Prometheus is a Greek mythological figure who brought fire to the earth that he stole from Mount Olympus.  He was punished by Zeus who chained him to the rocks of Mount Caucasus.  In addition an eagle (Zeus himself) punished Prometheus by daily feeds on his liver.  The ancients knew of the magical regenerative properties of the liver and the antiseptic qualities of bile.  The eagle (Zeus) is later slain by Heracles and Prometheus is given his freedom.  He gains strength due the the regenerative powers of the liver (also known by contemporary physicians in the world of hepatology and hepatic surgery).

Talking of animals of the sky?  And what about the Scottie dog?  What lessons does he have to teach us?

body, sky, heavens,clouds, dog, Scottie, shape, running

Scottie of the Skye in the Sky

In this image a Scottie dog was found romping in the heavens.  The Scottie is an endearing name for the Scottish terrier – aka Aberdeen terrier.  It is part of the group of Skye terriers and therefore is fittingly suited for the theme of the wonderful sightings in the sky.   The Scottie is one of the terrier breeds that come from Scotland.  Other terriers in this group include the Skye, West Highland Terrier, Dandie Dinmont and the Cairn .  The Scottie has a characteristic compact and powerful body.  The torso and head are rectangular, ears are pointed , eyes are almond shaped, and the beard has  long and soft hair.  The legs are short but powerful allowing for agility and quick movement. The breed exemplifies “power in a small package” . The confident and independent nature has earned them the nickname “Diehard”.  It is extremely territorial.  Both President Franklin D Roosevelt and George W Bush owned Scotties. George, the fourth Earl of Dumbarton owned a pack of brave Scottish Terriers, that were named “Diehards”.  Dumbartons regiment in the The Royal Scots were fittingly named the “Dumbarton Diehards”  Scotty Cramp is a disease in Scottish Terriers that causes muscle spasms resulting in hyperflexion and hyperextension of the legs. It is an inherited recessive trait of the breed.  It is  caused by a deficiency in serotonin.

sky, dog, Scottie, shapes, heavens, bones, anatomy, knees, X-ray. spine, lumbar spine, pars interarticularis, back, spondylolysis, diehard

1 Real Scottie, 1 in the Sky, and 2 in Dem Bones

In Radiology we look at the neck of the Scottie dog in a condition of the lumbar spine that causes back pain in athletes called spondylolysis.  The neck of the Scottie is overlaid in maroon in the image on  the right and represents the pars interarticularis which may undergo stress fracture in young athletes (spondylolysis) resulting in one lumbar vertebral body slipping forward on the other (spondylolisthesis).  It is one of the causes of back pain in young athletes. 

Rain – Good or Bad? –  

sky, heavens,clouds, rain, sun, sky

“Anatomy of Rain in the Sky at Sunrise” 

In this image sunrise brings a shower of rain in the east.  The sun shining through the dark clouds illuminates other clouds and brings some hope.  In the context of the vacationer the rain is a disappointment and means an undesirable day indoors.   For the farmer and for mother earth it is a blessing!

The art piece is dominated by falling rain and a rising sun that shines through and illuminates the vista.

and what does that teach us – It all depends on context

Some quotes:

Predicting rain doesn’t count. Building arks does.  Warren Buffett

Let the rain kiss you. Let the rain beat upon your head with silver liquid drops. Let the rain sing you a lullaby.  Langston Hughes

 As the day continued – it got grayer and grayer

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Anatomy of Rain in the Sky

In this instance the gray skies of rain bring a gloom for some and yes … also a bloom .. of life for others.  It is an essential to all biology.  

The image shows rain romping  from the heavens.  

Some Quotes

The best thing one can do when it’s raining is to let it rain.  Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Gray skies are just clouds passing over. Duke Ellington

The rain began again. It fell heavily, easily, with no meaning or intention but the fulfilment of its own nature, which was to fall and fall.  Helen Garner

but things change..time moves on..and 

“Time and Tide Wait for No Man”

And the following day – all had changed – the rain had passed and bright orange heavens illuminated the sky a moment before sunrise

day, sunrise, sea, sky

Anatomy of the Sky Before Sunrise

Moments before sunrise brings light to the darkness, just before the sun pokes its head from the blanket of the ocean.  The sun shining illuminates the sky with an orange optimism in the cloudless sky.

sunrise, sun, sky, ocean, sea, time, heaven

Anatomy of the Sky at the Moment of Sunrise

sunrise, sun, sky, ocean, sea, time, heaven

Anatomy of the Sky 1 Minute after Sunrise

sunrise, sun, sky, ocean, sea, time, heaven

Anatomy of the Sky 3 minutes After Sunrise

Time passes quickly

Quotes

“You can’t stop the future, You can’t rewind the past, The only way to learn the secret…is to press play.” – Jay Asher

“Life is a series of natural and spontaneous changes. Don’t resist them; that only creates sorrow. Let reality be reality. Let things flow naturally forward in whatever way they like.” ― Lao Tzu

As the day progressed – Nirvana – a blue blue sky , and a blue blue ocean  – interrupted only by a ruffle of waving white

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Blue Sky, Blue Water, and A Ruffle of Waving White

and this also was not for long .. as time passed and ever changing cloud pattern passed before our eyes – containing all sorts of people

… and a surprise artist made his appearance –

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Chagall Blessing the Sky

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  Blessing in the Sky with Overlay

The artist spotted Chagall flying in typical fashion through the heavens of the Caribbean.  he had his arms outstretched as if to bless the sky

And by the end of the first day… the clouds rolled in to compete for kingdom of the earthly sky

sun, sky, clouds, sunset

Anatomy of the Sky as the Sun Starts to Set

The kingdom of the earthly sky is shared by the sun with the clouds as each seeks to dominate.  For the sun this is a small battle since its kingdom stretches over the entire solar system.  For the clouds this is a major battle since they only rule over the earth.  They both play an essential role in preserving life on earth.  The sun is constant and dependable.  The clouds are transient and fickle. The setting sun descends through the blanket of the clouds, and gives the sky a mysterious, and magical  feel.

And the next day… the clouds and the sun shared the spotlight at sunrise

I took a nice cuppa tea, and sat on a chaise – longue to watch the spectacle.  To my surprise I saw my knee caps…

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“Sunrise View of the Knee Caps”

The art piece expresses a joint experience of my knees and the sun. As I sit on the chaise-longue sipping tea and watching the sunrise with X-ray vision, I share a gaze with the sun.  The sun looks at the sunrise view of my knees and I look at its sunrise in the sky.  In radiology we use the ‘sunrise view” to evaluate the joint space between the patella and the femur.

As the day progressed the clouds disappeared, and a day moon appeared.

 

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Day Moon

And nighttime came – not a cloud in the sky … blackness descended revealing the light of a crescent moon and its neighbour  Venus.

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The Moon and Venus in Conversation

and the heavens turned black – and I saw the overshadowed crescent moon talking to Venus… “What are people thinking?- Do they not realise life rules over death? Peace over terror? Why do the leaders of the people not declare this universal truth? It is so clear from where we stand, that there is something going wrong down there….Leaders must not remain silent! “

And after the moon rose my hand rose to tell the moon something…

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I Have a Bone to Pick with You .. I said

In this art piece the larger than life bones of the hand reach out into the sky in conversation. Tongue in cheek it wants to share the idea that it has a bone in its wrist that shares a common feature with the moon.  The lunate bone is is found in the  proximal row of metacarpal bones in the wrist, so named because of its shape. “Luna” is the Latin name for the moon.

and then two more hands with their scaphoids appeared to teach us the last lessons from the Caribbean

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Scaphoids That Pass Under the Lunar Night

The art piece shows a night time sky with the X-ray of three hands.  The hand on the left and right side of the image have the scaphoid bone of the wrist outlined in color.  The scaphoid is so named because of its ship like shape. “Skaphos” means  ship in Greek.  The middle hand dominates the trio of hands and unrealistically dominates the skyline.  The lunate bone is highlighted in the middle hand.  It is so named because it is moon shaped.   Artistically the scaphoid bone on the right is colored in Irish green since the ring finger carries a claddagh ring -an Irish ring that represents love, loyalty, and friendship.  The larger than life delicate  fingers of the middle hand reach out to the moon and  talks with the moon about their common shapes… small talk in the big picture

From a literary point of view the title “Scaphoids that Pass Under the Lunar Night” infers and  invokes the sentiment of Longfellow in “Tales of a Wayside Inn” about the “ships that pass in the night”

“Ships that pass in the night, and speak each other in passing,
Only a signal shown and a distant voice in the darkness;
So on the ocean of life we pass and speak one another,
Only a look and a voice, then darkness again and a silence.”

“Ships that pass in the night” speaks of chance meetings that are transitory that come and go and are just part of life that do not result  in a meaningful relationship – and in other contexts of two people who almost encounter each other – but do not.  In both cases, with a little effort of either party, a connection may have been life changing.

… and  these were just a few lessons taught by the Caribbean sky!